we can define literature as language artistically used to achieve identifiable literary qualities and to convey meaningful messages.（ ）
hopefully, there are three very helpful approaches to the study of it: namely ( ), ( ), ( ).
the most enduring shaping influence in american thought and american literature was( ).
the common thread throughout american literature has been the emphasis on the( ).
during the reason and revolution period, americans were influenced by the european movement called the ( ).
thomas jefferson’s attitude, that is, a firm belief in progress, and the pursuit of happiness, is typical of the period we now call ( ).
the settlement of the north american continent by the english began in the early part of the 16th century.( )
benjamin franklin seemed to represent the age of reason and revolution in his paradoxical faith in both social order and in natural rights, in love of stability and devotion to revolutionary change.（ ）
common sense boldly advocated a declaration of independence.（ ）
philip freneau was the most important writer in american poetry of the 18th century.（ ）
which of the following stirred the world and helped form the american republic?( )
who are not considered as the “poet of american revolution”?( )
in （ ）, hawthorne sets out to prove that everyone possesses some evil secrets.
the desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of american literature, evident in ( ).
the masterpiece of walt whitman is ( ).
edgar allan poe was the first american artist in the american literature, who influenced the european, especially the ( ) writers of the following generations.
democracy and political equality became the ideals of the romantic period in america. ( )
emily dickinson is good at the charm of something but dropping the thing itself. ( )
romantic values were prominent in american politics, art, and philosophy until the civil war.（ ）
as a moral philosophy, transcendentali was neither logical nor systematical. ( )
led by ( ) and ( ) , there arose a kind of teachings of transcendentali in the early nineteenth century.
choose the authors who belong to the romantic group in american literature. ( )
the appearance of ( )’s the luck of roaring camp in 1868 marked a significant development in the brief history of local color fiction.
with william dean howells, henry james and mark twain active on the scene, ( ) became the major trend in the 1870s and 1980s.
mark twain created, in ( ), a masterpiece of american reali that is also one of the great books of world literature.
( ), one of the greatest war novels comes from stephen crane.
generally speaking, london was much more interested in ideas than crane and less sentimental than norris. ( )
the ultimate aim of the local colorists is to create the illusion of an indigenous little world with qualities that tell it apart from the world outside. ( )
jack london was usually considered as a naturalist by literary historians. ( )
after the civil war, the frontier was closing. disillusionment and frustration were widely felt. what had been expected to be a “golden age” turned to be a “gilded” one. ( )
there are some important influences of american literature of reali including ( ).
choose the three staunch advocates of nineteenth-century american reali ( ).
“the apparition of these faces in the crowd; petals on a wet, black bough.” this is the shortest poem written by ( ).
the american social upheavals and the literary concerns of the great depression years ended with the prosperity and turmoil brought by the ( ).
which of the following was not written by robert frost ? ( )
the first american to win the nobel prize for literature was a sharp social critic, whose name was ( ).
the form and direction of modern american literature had clearly begun to emerge in the first decade of the 20th century. ( )
three american writers won the nobel prize for literature during the years between the two world wars. ( )
although shore-lived, the imagist movement had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. ( )
robert frost won four nobel prizes in his life. ( )
early in the 20th century, ( ) and ( ) published works that would change the nature of american poetry.
the imagist writers followed three principles, they respectively are ( ).
the novel of postmoderni after the 1960s includes ( ).
william burroughs and jack kerouac belong to ( ).
the first confessional poem is ( ) written by robert lowell, a famous american poet.
( ) was the first to announce that the traditional novel is dead, and that traditional novelistic resources have been exhausted.
the life of the 1950s was poisoned at the root by mccarthyi. ( )
like moderni, postmoderni rejects all boundaries. ( )
one major characteristic of postwar poetry is its ersity. which of the following terms belong to this period？( )
the so－called new york school includes the poets ( ).
what was ralph ellison's novel that was the story of an unnamed african man who could not be seen because people chose not to see him? ( )
this lady was a record breaker for the literature and women writers! she was a slave that learned to read and write from her masters, who also encouraged her to write poetry. her work was praised by the british and americans alike during the american revolutionary war. who was the first african american lady poet to publish a book in the united states? ( )
where is morrison's 1992 novel jazz set? ( )
several african americans became famous for their autobiographies about their lives as slaves, including frederick douglass, who became a leading figure in the abolitionist movement. ( )
after the end of slavery and the american civil war, a number of african-american authors wrote nonfiction works about the condition of african americans in the united states. ( )
morrison's novels are mostly set in a black community in the thirties or forties, but they do not merely tell stories about a particular community during a particular period. ( )
mister is celie's huand who originally tries to seek a relationship with nettie but settles for celie. ( )
about the fourth development stage of american jewish literature, which are right? ( )
choose the chinses american writers. ( )
when did eugene o'neill get nobel prize for literature? ( )
death of a salean is written by ( ).
waiting for lefty, written by ( ) a short play about a new york taxi-drivers' strike, with its famous agitprop ending and its influential use of european expressionist methods proved to be a very brilliant and impressive performance on broadway.
long day's journey into night is set in the summer home of the tyrone family, august 1912. ( )
the american dramatic tradition began with ye bare and ye cubb (1665) by william darby and other two author-performers. ( )
the first american tragedy to be staged was the contrast written by royall tyler (1757-1826), and first played in new york city in 1787. ( )
poetic plays were very popular in the first half of the 19th century. ( )
choose the playwrights who belong to the 1940s? ( )
choose the playwrights who belong to the 1960s? ( )