1、画分哪几画科？
2、花鸟画的主要描绘对象主要有哪些？
1、花鸟画是何时独立成科的？
2、五代时期的“黄家富贵”里的“黄家”主要是指哪位画家？
1、元代哪些花鸟画家变黄派浓丽繁复而简逸雅淡？
2、近现代花鸟画代表人物有哪些？
花鸟画是何时独立成科的？
画分哪几画科？
元代哪些花鸟画家变黄派浓丽繁复而简逸雅淡？
花鸟画和西方静物画有什么区别？
1、毛笔按毫料分有哪些种类？
2、历史上墨的制作中使用了哪些原料？
1、怎样来辨别生宣和熟宣？
2、矿物性颜料是指从各种矿石、贝壳中磨炼出，经过研磨、漂洗、过滤、沉淀、调胶等方式制作而成的画颜料。
3、植物性颜料大多是从植物当中提取出来的，它的特点是：比较透明的、颜色沉稳、覆盖力小。
4、我们经常使用的植物性颜料有：藤黄、花青、胭脂、石青、石绿等。
1、宋徽宗赵佶艺术的独创性是什么？
2 赏析工笔花鸟画作品的要点有哪些？
1《瑞鹤图》的构图特征是什么？
2 《五色鹦鹉图》的作者是谁？
4、徐渭的一生有怎样的传奇经历？
1、徐渭水墨大写意花鸟画的特点是将水墨作为绘画手段进行表现，以书入画。
2、徐渭水墨大写意花鸟画的特点是画的一丝不苟，形态逼真。
3、徐渭水墨大写意花鸟画的特点是花鸟画色彩明丽，现代意识强烈。
4、八大山人的名字从何而来？
1、八大山人笔下，傲然挺立的雄鹰代表了他勇敢独立的对抗。
2、八大山人笔下鸟和鱼的形象分别代表了温馨与浪漫。
3、八大山人笔下鸟和鱼的形象，表现了他的内在心绪仍旧念念不忘于旧朝。
《瑞鹤图》的构图特征是什么？
宋徽宗赵佶艺术的独创性是什么？
赏析工笔花鸟画作品的要点有哪些？
1 、花鸟画“写生”理念中最重要的特征是什么？
2 、花鸟画从哪些方面足以傲然屹立于世界艺术的巅峰？
1 、《罂粟花图》有几种颜色的花卉组成？
2、《子母鸡图》中母鸡的形象具备哪些鸡的特征？
1 、什么是南宋工笔花鸟画中的“工捉勒”题材？
2 、《枫鹰雉鸡图》作者是谁？是哪个朝代的？
3、《雪树寒禽图》则属于哪种画面意境
1 、《三友百禽图》是哪个朝代的作品？
2 、《三友百禽图》画面中松竹梅岁寒三友并植，寓意是什么？而三友上面各色禽鸟聚集其上，又隐喻什么？具有什么象征意义？
1 、《双喜图》表达了哪个季节的景象？
2 、《双喜图》的典型艺术特征是从哪几个方面来认识？
1 、《芙蓉锦鸡图》是谁的作品？
2 、《芙蓉锦鸡图》借用鸡的描绘来表达什么主题？
1、文同和苏轼的文人意气是要将人文情怀与人格精神作为绘画的至高追求。
2、文同和苏轼的文人意气是强调书法用笔。
3、文同和苏轼的文人意气是勾勒设色的工细画法。
4、王冕的《南枝早春图》在画法上的创新之处有：他开创了梅花的一种画法，明清以来画梅的画家多有继承他。
5、王冕的《南枝早春图》在画法上的创新之处有：他使用了圈花的方法。
6、王冕的《南枝早春图》在画法上的创新之处有：在方法上与杨无咎区别开来。
1、吕纪的《残荷鹰鹭图》表现了怎样的场景？
2、以下哪几位是明代的院体花鸟画家？
1、徐渭《黄甲图》中“黄甲”指的是哪一种动物？
2、本节课中，《海棠春秋图》是谁的作品？
1、扬州八怪中的被称为清廉县令的画家是哪一位？（单选题） a，金农 b，郑燮 c，
2、古代写意花鸟画在那个时期最为繁盛？
1、吴昌硕的《朝日红荷》受到哪位画家的指点？
2、请列举出几位海派的花鸟画家？
1 、吴昌硕与谁一起称为“清末海派四大家”？
2 、齐白石的花鸟画为什么会雅俗共赏？
2、徐悲鸿的一贯艺术思想里什么样的艺术理念根深蒂固？
1 、林风眠作品的典型艺术特色是什么？
1、潘天寿的《鹰石山花图》主要艺术特色是什么？
2、张大千作品的整体艺术特色是哪些？
2、 黄永玉的花鸟画有哪些艺术特征？
1、吴作人作品的艺术特点是什么？
1 、郭怡孮的“大花鸟”精神主要是指什么？
2 、梅忠智是从哪些方面开始了传统形态的花鸟画向现代形态花鸟画转换探索的？
花鸟画“写生”理念中最重要的特征是什么？
《枫鹰雉鸡图》作者是谁？是哪个朝代的？
《芙蓉锦鸡图》借用鸡的描绘来表达什么主题？
徐悲鸿的一贯艺术思想里什么样的艺术理念根深蒂固？
《子母鸡图》中母鸡的形象具备哪些鸡的特征？
《三友百禽图》画面中松竹梅岁寒三友并植，寓意是什么？而三友上面各色禽鸟聚集其上，又隐喻什么？具有什么象征意义？
《双喜图》的典型艺术特征是从哪几个方面来认识？
吴昌硕与谁一起称为“清末海派四大家”
张大千作品的整体艺术特色是哪些？
吴作人作品的艺术特点是什么？
郭怡孮的“大花鸟”精神主要是指什么？
近现代写意花鸟画作品和古代写意花鸟画作品最大区别是什么？谈谈你的认识
1、临摹古画的重要意义是什么？
2、临摹 一幅绢本工笔花鸟画需要哪些步骤来创作完成？
2、纸本工笔花鸟画在临摹过程漏矾怎么办？
1、临摹一幅纸本的古代工笔花鸟画，其中的仿古底色一般用什么方法来创作完成？
1、历史上的画竹名家有哪些？
2、画竹不论是竹竿还是竹叶，需要注意中锋和侧锋的区别。
3、画竹用笔需要遵循藏头护尾，无往不收、无垂不缩的原则。
4、可以通过学习《竹谱》来学习画竹。
1、鸟类的基本结构是什么？
2、画禽鸟类的技巧也需要在一些常见的鸟类基础上掌握。
3、花鸟类也要求熟悉鸟的基本结构。
4、画鸟应该取其中一种比较熟悉的形象多加练习。
1、本课程的现代写意花鸟画的创作是如何选题的？
2、描绘写意鸡创作的时候首先为何要做到“胸有成竹”？
1、本课程在描绘雄鸡时画配景的重要原因是？
2、本课程中画石头的用笔特点是什么？
1、本课程中讲到现代写意花鸟画的审美特征是什么？
2、本课程中给画面色彩“退火”一般用什么方法？
1、从哪几个方面欣赏一幅现代写意花鸟画？
纸本工笔花鸟画在临摹过程漏矾怎么办？
描绘写意鸡创作的时候首先为何要做到“胸有成竹”？
本课程在描绘雄鸡时画配景的重要原因是？
本课程中讲到现代写意花鸟画的审美特征是什么？
临摹古画的重要意义是什么？
从哪几个方面欣赏一幅现代写意花鸟画？
临摹古画的重要意义是什么？
1 、本课程是从哪个领域介入，使现代花鸟画融入现代社会的？
2 、哪位著名当代艺术家的作品已经呈现出跨界思维在艺术领域里的应用？
2、有在法国巴黎开工作室的原创设计师品牌有哪些？
1、此课程是如何培养将“新水墨”元素进行创意设计与面料生产连接的艺术人才的呢？
本课程是从哪个领域介入，使现代花鸟画融入现代社会的？
此课程是如何培养将“新水墨”元素进行创意设计与面料生产连接的艺术人才的呢？
你是如何认识现代花鸟画对当代生活的影响的呢？你有哪些思考可以列举1、2
花鸟画是何时独立成科的？
八大山人的名字从何而来？
古代写意花鸟画在那个时期最为繁盛？
毛笔按毫料分有哪些种类？
以下哪几位是明代的院体花鸟画家？
请列举出几位海派的花鸟画家？
郑燮是历史上的画竹名家。
鸟类的基本结构是头、颈、躯干、翅膀、爪、尾等
课程最后一章是从电影领域介入，使现代花鸟画融入现代社会。
一般来讲，画分为山水、花鸟、人物、风景 四个画科。
论述：宋代工笔花鸟画和明清写意花鸟画是花鸟画史上两个重要时期，均有很高的成就。请对这两个时期的花鸟画从笔墨、色彩、形象塑造、精神内涵等方面进行比较分析，依照个人的理解，论述两个时期的艺术特征与相互联系。
关于防身术的学习描述正确的是
女性可以通过合理的防范减小危机发生的概率
在女子防身术中技法的运用时需要体现 “公平、公正、公开”的体育精神
防身的前提是先具备正确的防卫意识，体术是之后不得已而为之的解脱方法之一
女子防身术的"四不做"包括
女子防身术的四核心包括
要害攻击需要同时满足两个条件
防身术不需要和任何人“比武”，更不需要在危险时刻和男人一分高下。
摆脱纠缠，是避免暴力升级的有效手段
当女性受侵害结束之后可以向对方寻仇
自卫防身体系构建的步骤第一是
预防暴力犯罪的主要原则中首先是
自我防卫的原则不包括
公共交通工具上受到性骚扰之后最好马上离开原来的位置，正面对着他
以发生性关系为目的，通过暴力或者野蛮的手段，或者利用权势职务之便威逼利诱，企图或者已经对女性造成性方面的侵害即属于性侵害
实战姿势的动作要点①膝盖微屈 ②两手紧护躯体 ③重心落于前腿 ④身体处于欲动状态
以下身体部位不常用于攻击的是
裆部是防身术中属于禁击部位
女子防卫制敌的有效部位有眼睛、耳、鼻咽、下颚、太阳穴、颈部、胫骨、心窝、裆部等。
安全事件发生的概率小，没有必要随身鞋带防狼喷雾
利用歹徒近身，观察四周而出现的时机，果敢迅速地使用杀伤性攻击技术。一旦逃脱控制，尽可能地迅速远离对方，并高声呼救。
尽可能避免与歹徒进行徒手搏斗，要养成利用随手可得的器物，增强自身的防卫能力。
你个人在预防犯罪过程中的作用与责任是
遭遇到肢体骚扰或者侵害是第一反应是团身下蹲
女子自卫防身术的使用原则：临危不乱，头脑清醒、把握尺度，防卫恰当、审时度势，应对准确、有胆有识，机智应变。
夜晚单独乘坐滴滴时的注意事项
短信报警的方式是12110 电话区号后4位
110是全国唯一一个通用的报警方式
碍于情面，不应该对一个主动提供帮助的陌生人人提出拒绝
下列不属于安全防卫战术原则的是
开车时，遇到，对方暴跳如雷，一边破口大骂，一边狂踢你的车子，不正确的方式
防身术需要练习格斗，但格斗绝不是防身术的全部，练习自卫术要学会的内容不包括
所谓防身术四不中的不纠缠，错误的方式有
预防暴力犯罪中街头的主要策略与方法不对的是
女性可以通过合理的防范，以大大减小危机发生的概率，防范包括
女性整体的搏斗能力是要比男性弱的原因包括
高校性骚扰发生概率大的原因有
关于眼睛的攻击描述正确的有
可以选作武器的攻击部位有
女性应了解自身和男性的区别，摆正自己在“战斗”中的位置，以一个比较端正的姿态进行学习和训练
女性任何形式的“据理力争”都有可能被对方看作是在挑衅，使男性的愤怒值增加，直至爆发出暴力
与男性的爆发冲突时，第一击可以采用往脸上扇巴掌
女性的力量远低于男性，所以单方面的强调格斗“技巧”显然是不够的，只有配合全面、系统的体能训练才是科学的行为
距离感知能力不会影响搏斗中有效把握攻击时机的问题
与日常的争斗不同，当女性遭遇侵害时，我们要在短时间内把自己的武力暴力级别升到峰值，第一时间将侵害者终结
在女子防身术的使用中第一次出手可以有试探性行为
基本的格斗实战姿势要求两脚站立在一条线上，而且两腿膝盖弹性微屈，以便于快速启动进攻、防守和转移。
乘公交车为了避免应在人少僻静的地方上下车
公交车上性骚扰者会选择那些性格软弱、不敢声张的女性下手
从动作上看，肘击是将大、小臂弯曲或闭合后进行攻击，力的传导距离更短，动作更简约
防卫动作是找到对方身上的薄弱或敏感部位，并用自己身上强壮、灵活以及耐疼痛的部位来全力准确的击打它，以帮助自己完成逃脱
女性受到威胁和伤害90%来自他们自己的社交圈
男性不会遇到性骚扰
动作技术越复杂越容易实施
for the meanings of optical/lightwave communications and optical fiber communications, which of the following statements is right?
in 2009, charles kuen kao（k.c.kao）won a nobel prize for his great contribution in the theory of optical fiber communications. in which area is the nobel prize kao won?
in the 1970s, optical fiber communications faced implementation challenges. which one is the key technical issue?
which of the following is the most popular frequency spectrum used in communication world?
if we adopt 1mw as the reference power level, how about the power level 1w expressed in decibel unit?
which spectrum band of follows does not belong to optical spectrum band?
which of the following is not the component of an optical fiber?
which of the following is the main material of optical fiber?
which of the following statements about fiber structure is incorrect?
which one is the most important thing in the optical fiber manufacturing process?
which of the following is not a common optical cable structure?
the core and cladding cannot be physically separated.
the core and cladding are made of preformed wire.
which of the following does not belong to light particle property?
when meets an obstacle with very all size, wave can spill over the edge of their obstructions. this phenomenon is called?
who believed that the nature of light can be understood as of streams of particles?
what is the fundamental mode tranitted in single-mode fiber ?
how to understand the physical meaning of the modes in the fiber?
if a mode experiences almost no attenuation in the cladding, how to describe the mode ?
which of the following statements about the numerical aperture (na) of an optical fiber is incorrect?
which of the following is the main cause of the nonlinear effect of optical fiber?
what is the main factor causing rayleigh scattering?
by reducing which of the following ions, can the absorption attenuation around 1.4 μm be effectively reduced?
which of following not belongs to power dependent loss?
which of the following belongs to the intrinsic material absorption?
the fiber dispersion will not cause what kind of effects?
which of following does not belong to dispersion?
which of the following is not the characteristic of optical fiber tranissions?
which of the following is the main cause of the nonlinear effect of optical fiber?
which of the following nonlinearities only happen in backward direction?
which type of fibers have the least loss at an operating wavelength of 1.55μm?
the main cause of the energy attenuation of signal tranission in an optical fiber is the loss characteristics of the optical fiber.
the dispersion in multimode fiber is mainly the intermodal dispersion.
when the number of particles in a substance at a high energy level is greater than the number of particles at a low energy level, the substance is in state.
regarding to a laser, the amplification of light is achieved through .
the light emitted by the led is incoherent light, and its basic principle is .
which of the following is right regarding to the threshold current of a semiconductor laser ?
one disadvantage of semiconductor laser (ld) is .
the function of the light source is to .
the key device to realize electric / optical conversion in optical tranitter is .
the rate of 5b6b code rate increases by .
which of the following line codes is not commonly used?
the requirements for optical tranitters do not include .
which of the following is not the main limitation of optical tranission signals .
the key device to realize the optical / electrical conversion in the optical receiver is .
which of the following is not a main characteristic of pin photodiode?
which of the following statements relating to the bias voltage of pin and apd is correct?
which of the following is the key index of optical receiver?
the main quality index of the optical receiver is sensitivity, and the main factors that affect the sensitivity are ____.
which the following is not the mechanical alignment between two fibers?
is a device that completes active connection between two optical fibers.
optical fiber coupler is to fuse two or more optical fibers together by heating.
which of the following are not optical passive devices?
optical attenuator is a device that is used to .
which of the following are not active devices?
the working principle of the optical isolator is .
the basic working principle of optical amplifier is the .
gain saturation limits the amplifier's .
the operating wavelength of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier is in the range of .
which of the following statements is incorrect?
which of the following is not the advantage of edfa?
which of the following is not the application of edfa?
the preamplifier refers to the device tightly connected to .
the optical amplification principle of edfa is .
the function of the optical isolator in edfa is mainly to .
the meaning of pdh is .
which of the following statements about pdh is wrong?
which of the following does not belong to the sdh frame structure?
mapping refers to .
which of the following basic units can complete the adaptation between the low-order path layer and the high-order path layer?
sdh pointer is ided into au pointer and tu pointer.
one stm-4 can access 2mb/s signals.
in the sdh frame structure, the path overhead is represented by .
the role of the administrative unit pointer is to .
which of the following working modes for slave clocks is the most accurate?
which of the following is not an sdh network element?
in sdh self-healing ring protection, needs to use aps protocol for switching.
the otn interface data rate out-1 is .
which of the following is not the characteristic of the optical transport network (otn)?
which of the following is not equipment of the optical access network?
the downstream rate of apon is mb/s.
services can be carried by gpon.
in gpon, a long-lighting onu may cause .
the international standard of epon is .
is a technology that tranits multiple wavelength signals in a single fiber.
which of the following technologies is an effective way to increase the capacity of information tranitted on each channel?
which of the following is not the main advantage of wdm?
for 160×10gbit/s dwdm systems, the channel spacing is .
is the main cause of four-wave mixing.
the better way to evaluate error performance is .
in the cyclic redundancy check (crc), is the cyclic redundancy code.
the system bit error rate of the optical communication system should generally be less than .
free space optical communication refers to an optical communication system that uses ___ as a carrier and ___ as a tranission medium.
ai applications in optical network include .
what are the main sources of optical soliton?
which of the following statements of light is incorrect?
which of the following does not belong to ai classification?
optical fiber uses the following phenomena of light to tranit optical signals?
the physical quantity representing the degree of fiber dispersion is .
when the number of particles in a substance at a high energy level is greater than the number of particles at a low energy level, the substance is in state.
which of the following line codes is not commonly used?
the rate of 5b6b code rate increases by .
the function of the light source is to .
one disadvantage of semiconductor laser (ld) is .
the light emitted by the led is incoherent light, and its basic principle is .
the key device to realize the optical / electrical conversion in the optical receiver is .
which of the following statements relating to the bias voltage of pin and apd is correct?
which of the following is the key index of optical receiver?
which of the following statements of light is incorrect?
分布于呼吸道粘膜，有保护和分泌功能的的上皮为
下列体液不属于机体内环境的是
固有结缔组织不包括
以分泌功能为主的上皮称为
细胞核的组成包括
人体组织分为
内质网的膜性细胞器主要包括
下列属于不随意肌的是
生理学上，把安静状态下膜电位所保持的内负外正的状态称为
人体内o2、co2、nh3进出细胞膜是通过
神经细胞在接受一次阈上后，兴奋性周期变化的顺序是
动作电位的“全或无”现象是指同一细胞的电位幅度
下列哪些不是离子被动跨膜转运的动力
关于主动转运，正确的是：
对静息电位的叙述，正确的是：
下列有关同一细胞兴奋传导的叙述，正确的是:
全身共有多少块骨
下列不属于听小骨的是
下列不属于关节基本结构的是
全身最灵活的关节是
运动系统包括
骨的结构包括
根据全身各部肌的分布情况，可分为
膈上有以下哪几个裂孔
关于血浆渗透压的叙述。错误的是
维持血浆正常ph值最重要的缓冲对为
以下哪一种是合成血红蛋白的必需原料
交叉配血实验中的主侧是指的受血者
血液的作用有
血浆蛋白的作用有
凝血酶的生理作用包括
生理性抗凝物质包括
正常成人安静状态下的心率范围为60~100次/分，平均值为
平常所说的血压，是指
以下不属于淋巴器官的是
人体血液循环包含体循环和肺循环两条循环路线，它们的共同规律是
心肌细胞的生理特性
心的传导系统包括
血压指血管内的血液对于单位面积血管壁的侧压力，成年人血压的正常范围为
微循环通路包括
体内o2↓，co2↑，出现的呼吸是
肺通气的直接动力是
肺活量是指尽力吸气后，从肺内所能呼出的
o2 和co2在血液中运输形式以
呼吸的全过程包括
呼吸系统组成包括
在中枢神经系统，产生和调节节律性呼吸运动的神经细胞群称为呼吸中枢，这些细胞群分布在
影响肺换气的因素有
下列关于消化道平滑肌生理特性的叙述，正确的是
胆汁的主要作用是
胃黏膜长期处于高酸和胃蛋白酶的环境中，却不会被消化，这是由于存在着自我保护机制。这个机制主要是
下列哪种不是胃运动的形式
消化系统包括
关于胃酸生理作用的叙述，正确的是
肝脏是人体最大的消化腺，也是体内新陈代谢的中心站，其生理功能包括
胃液的主要成分包括
女性月经周期平均时间为
机体活动所需要的能量直接来源于
下列内脏器官中，温度最高的是
控制生物节律的主要中枢结构是
关于体温的叙述，正确的是
影响能量代谢的因素有
体温调节中枢位于以下哪些部位
散热是体温维持相对恒定必要的环节，散热方式有
成人膀胱容量
排尿反射的初级中枢位于
引起抗利尿激素分泌增加最敏感的因素是
球-管平衡指的是哪一段小管的重吸收规律
泌尿系统组成包括
影响肾小球滤过的因素有
尿生成的过程包括
肾功能评价方式有
视锥系统具有较强分辨能力的主要原因
视网膜上形成生理盲点的部位是
当飞机在升降时，做吞咽运动有助于平衡下列哪个膜两侧的压力
声波由鼓膜经听骨链到达前庭窗膜时的情况是
关于简化眼的描述，正确的是
下列关于视杆细胞的描述，正确的是
中耳的组成包括
眼副器包括
脑干的组成不包括
关于脑脊液的论述，错误的是哪条？
副交感神经兴奋时
下列不是锥体外系作用的是
大脑基底核包括哪些结构
脊休克的表现是
神经纤维的特征是
下丘脑的功能
多饮、多食、多尿、身体消瘦的“三多一少”症状指的是
肾上腺皮质球状带、束状带和网状带分泌的激素依次是
下列属于固醇类激素的是
阻断下丘脑与垂体的联系后，受影响最小的内分泌腺是
对生长发育起调节作用的激素
体内主要的内分泌腺体有
甲状腺激素合成过程
激素的生理作用
下列不属于内环境的是
生理学上，把静息状态下膜电位所保持的内负外正的状态称为
下列不属于听小骨的是
水分及营养物质吸收的主要部位是
下列内脏器官中，温度最高的是
三尖瓣位于
维持血浆正常ph值最重要的缓冲对为
给家兔静脉注射20%葡萄糖溶液5ml，引起尿量增多的原因是：
脑干的组成不包括
副交感神经兴奋时
呼吸系统组成有
激素的生理作用
肝脏的生理功能
肾上腺皮质激素包括
运动系统包括
消化系统包括
关于胃酸生理作用的叙述，正确的是
糖尿病的症状包括
关于体温的叙述，正确的是
血压指血管内的血液对于单位面积血管壁的侧压力，我国健康青年人在安静状态时血压的正常范围为
the occurrence of hydrological phenomena is .
hydrological ysis and calculation is to predict the probability distribution of the hydrological variable .
hydrological forecasting is to predict the scale and time course of a hydrological variable .
the occurrence and development of hydrological phenomena are accidental, therefore, their occurrence and changes .
water is a type of .
the reason for making water resources regenerative is of natural.
the check flood level and design flood level of the three gorges project on the yangtze river are .
in natural world, the hydrological cycle between land and sea is called .
the hydrological cycle in nature makes water resources .
we can trace many causes for the occurrence and development of hydrological phenomena. therefore, the change in hydrological phenomena .
the drainage area refers to which is above a certain cross section of the river.
if there are two heavy rains occured in a certain river basin, expect the occurance location, one occured in the upstream and the other in downstream, other conditions are the same. then, the peak flow at the exit section of river basin caused by the upstream one will be than the one caused by the downstream.
the condition for the formation of heavy rain is .
the characteristics of convective rainfall are .
for relatively dry soil which is under sufficient water supply conditions, the physical process of infiltration can be ided into three stages, which are in turn.
is the main factor determining the stable infiltration rate of soil.
the total evaporation of the watershed includes .
the amount of the daily water surface evaporation, observed by the e601 water surface evaporator, and of the daily water evaporation of large water body is (has) .
the process of basin confluence mainly includes .
the amount of floods formed by the net rain depth of rainfall in river basin should be quantitatively .
when the water level does not change much in a day, should be applied to calculate the daily average water level.
in the hydrological test, is the key to determine the flow through a cross section in river channel .
when using a flow meter to measure the velocity of a point, the time required for each measurement should be .
measuring the flow velocity at a certain point with a flow meter, actually is to measure the of the flow meter at that point.
when a hydrologic station is affected by flood fluctuations, the relationship curve of water level and flow .
the relationship of water level and flow in a hydrologic station is a single curve. when the messuring cross section is silted, .
which of the following is wrong about the rainfall factors? .
which question does not need to be answered in runoff calculation： .
infiltration-excess runoff only yields surface runoff, and the runoff condition is：
which one is not the three elements of the unit hydrograph? .
runoff is formed by precipitation, so the relationship between annual runoff and annual precipitation is which of the following?
generally, the influence of human activities on the average annual precipitation in the basin is
human activities (such as the construction of reservoirs, irrigation, water and soil conservation, etc.) indirectly affect the annual runoff by changing the nature of the underlying surface，which generally causes the
through the ysis and calculation of the measured annual runoff data, the annual runoff mean value and departure potential coefficient of the two rivers a and b are obtained as follows: a river: =100, =0.42; b river: =500, =0.25, by comparing the two rivers, it can be seen that
in the ysis and calculation of design annual runoff, the purpose of extending short series data to long series data is to
when using the contour map of annual average runoff depth to calculate the annual average runoff of all watershed, its value is equal to
in the selection of typical years, when more than one typical year is selected, irrigation engineering should select
in the selection of typical years, when more than one typical year is selected, should be selected for hydropower projects.
in the calculation of frequency, when referring to the dry water flow of a certain recurrence period, it is usually
design flood refers to
the three elements of design flood are
smoothing the amplified design flood is based on
reservoir inflow flood includes
the period of design flood stage is determined by
in the evaluation of prediction, which the following one is correct:： .
the operating zone that needs to be reduced in the following figure is:
the flood limiting water level is determined by stages because in each stage of the flood season:
design flood refers to
the three elements of design flood are
smoothing the amplified design flood is based on
reservoir inflow flood includes
the period of design flood stage is determined by
hydrologic phenomenon is a natural phenomenon, which of the following property does it have?
what is an event that may or may not occur in a randomized trial?
the normal frequency curve is a drawn on the frequency grid paper.
the second central moment is .
which of the following aspects is correlation ysis mainly used in hydrologic ysis calculation?
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