下列化合物命名正确的是：
和碳碳双键相似，羰基碳原子和氧原子均为sp2杂化，他们之间形成一个 σ 键、一个 π 键，以双键结合。
能与hcn发生亲核加成的醛酮包括：
可以通过与饱和亚硫酸氢钠溶液作用，以区分2-戊酮和3-戊酮。
实现下列反应，所需的条件是：
判断下列反应是否正确：
下列化合物中，哪些能发生碘仿反应?
下列化合物中，哪个能够发生自身羟醛缩合反应？
能够区别甲醛和乙醛的试剂是：
试推测下列各对化合物中，哪一种具有最高的沸点？
下列羰基化合物发生亲核加成反应活性最高的是：
下列化合物中，哪些可以和亚硫酸氢钠发生反应？
哪些能发生 cannizzaro 反应？
2,4-二硝基苯肼，能与醛、酮迅速反应并析出黄色 2,4-二硝基苯腙晶体，可用于醛或酮的鉴定。
α,β-不饱和醛中，由于羰基氧的吸电子作用在共轭体系内传递，使β-碳也带部分正电荷，因此，亲核试剂既可进攻羰基碳，发生1,2-加成,也可进攻 β-碳，发生1,4-加成。
在碱性条件下，丙酮α-h 的卤代反应停留在一卤代阶段。
下列化合物中，哪些既可与 hcn 加成，又能起碘仿反应？
下列羧酸中，酸性最强的是：
由于p-π共轭的影响，使羧基中的c=o键长较醛、酮羰基键长略有所增长，而其c—o键长较醇中的c—o键长短。
将丙酸转化为2-甲基丙二酸，判断下列合成路线是否合理？
下列化合物俗名为：
下列化合物，经过tollens试剂作用，然后在酸性条件下加热，得到产物是 。
羧酸衍生物水解反应的活性次序是：酰卤 < 酸酐 < 酯 < 酰胺
在机理上，羧酸衍生物的亲核取代反应本质上是经历了亲核加成—消去反应历程。
通过 与丁酸乙酯在乙醇钠作用下发生claisen酯缩合，可以合成下列化合物：
下列化合物的俗名为：
下列羰基化合物中最易烯醇化的是:
下列化合物作为酰化剂，反应活性最强的是：
羧酸衍生物的水解、醇解和氨解反应的机理是：
下列酸中，酸性最强的是：
下列羧酸中，容易发生脱羧反应的有：
区别乙酸乙酯与乙酰乙酸乙酯，可以采用的化学方法是:
α-醇酸和α-酮酸都能被tollens试剂氧化。
当羧基离解为负离子后，负电荷完全均等地分布在两个氧上，两根c—o键的键长完全相等，没有双键与单键的差别。
邻叔丁基苯甲酸的酸性大于苯甲酸 ，主要原因是叔丁基的空间效应所致。
化合物a的分子式为c5h6o3，它能与1mol 乙醇作用得到两个互为异构体的化合物b和c。b和c分别与氯化亚砜作用后再与乙醇作用，两者都生成同一化合物d，试推测a的结构并用系统命名法命名为： 。
硝基化合物中硝基的两个氧原子与氮原子之间的距离相等，硝基中的氮原子是sp2杂化。
含有α-h的脂肪硝基化合物，受硝基强吸电子作用的影响，α-h具有弱酸性。
季铵化合物中，当氮原子上连接四个不同基团时，则成为手性化合物。
下列物质碱性强弱顺序通常是： 季铵碱 > 脂肪胺 > nh3 > 芳香胺
判断下列反应是否正确：
吡咯、呋喃、噻吩中的杂原子和碳原子均采用sp2杂化轨道成键，每个环中的杂原子提供两个p电子，每个碳原子提供一个p电子，形成6π电子的芳香体系。
判断下列反应是否正确：
发生亲电取代反应活性最高的是：
下列化合物命名正确的是：
下列化合物碱性由大到小顺序是：
下列化合物不具有芳香性的是：
在有机化学中，“氨”、“胺”和“铵”的用法不同，下列说确的是：
下列化合物亲电反应活性比苯高的是：
脂肪胺在水溶液中的碱性顺序：叔胺 > 仲胺 > 伯胺
判断下列反应是否正确：
芳胺中由于氮原子上孤对电子与苯环共轭，使氮原子电子云密度降低，所以其碱性比氨弱。
由于氢键强度不同，胺的沸点比分子量相近的醇的沸点 （填“高”或“低”）。
在高温条件下或油脂氢化过程中，油脂中的顺式双键异构为反式双键，将产生反式脂肪酸。反式脂肪酸的摄入，将增加罹患心血管疾病、糖尿病的危险性，还会干扰必要脂肪酸的代谢，影响儿童生长发育及神经系统健康，给人类健康造成一定的威胁。
油脂从化学组成上看，是一分子甘油和三分子高级脂肪酸形成的酯。
磷脂是分子中含有磷酸基团的高级脂肪酸酯，分为甘油磷脂和鞘磷脂。
磷脂分子具有特殊的化学结构——由磷酸和碱基组成的极性亲水头部和长链脂肪酸组成的两条疏水尾部，磷脂是生物膜的重要组成部分。
胆固醇是一类甾醇。
萜类化合物为异戊二烯的聚合体以及饱和程度不等的衍生物。
生物碱(alkaloid)一般是指生物体中含氮的碱性有机化合物，但是蛋白质、氨基酸、多肽和b族维生素除外。
雄酮是一类雄性激素，属于哪类活性化合物？
二倍半萜含有多少个异戊二烯单位？
麻黄碱理论上应有几个对映异构体？
人体不能合成或合成不足，必须从食物中摄取的不饱和脂肪酸，称为必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid），必需脂肪酸包括：
油脂中的脂肪酸结构上有何特点？
天然油脂是混甘油酯的混合物，没有固定的熔点和沸点。
油酸 (顺-9-十八烯酸）按照δ编码体系命名为：
1g油脂完全皂化时所需氢氧化钾的毫克数称为皂化值。皂化值大，表示油脂的平均相对分子质量大，反之，则表示油脂的平均相对分子质量小。
100g油脂所能吸收碘的最大克数称为碘值（iodine number），碘值用来判断油脂的不饱和程度，碘值越大，油脂的不饱和程度 也愈大。
油脂分为油和脂肪，油多来自植物，室温下是液体；脂肪多来自动物，室温下为固体或半固体。油相比脂肪具有较低的熔点，这是由于油含有更多的 脂肪酸。（填“饱和”或“不饱和”）
β-d-葡萄糖的椅式构象中，所有取代基都在e键上，稳定性最高，这也是d-葡萄糖的互变平衡中β-型含量较高的原因。
单糖中最简单的是丙醛糖和丙酮糖，自然界存在的大多是戊糖或己糖。
d-葡萄糖由开链醛式转变为环状半缩醛式时，将形成一个新的手性碳原子。
邻二醇可被高碘酸氧化。d-葡萄糖可与 分子高碘酸反应（填数字）。
下列二糖中，属于还原性二糖的是：
人体内的淀粉酶只能水解α-苷键，而不能水解β-苷键，因此人类只能消化淀粉，而不能利用纤维素作为营养物质。
淀粉用酶水解，得到的最终的单糖是d-葡萄糖。
相同碳原子数的单糖，当只是 两个碳原子的构型不同，而其余手性碳原子的构型完全相同时，则能生成相同的糖脎。
可用来区别醛糖和酮糖的试剂是：
能与碘单质显蓝色的是：
d-葡萄糖的下列性质是由于其环状结构导致的是：
鉴别葡萄糖与果糖，可采用的试剂是：
所有糖都满足通式：cm(h2o)n，故将糖类物质称为碳水化合物。
糖类、蛋白质、核酸和脂类合称为生命活动所必需的四大类化合物。
在弱碱作用下，醛糖和酮糖能相互转化生成几种糖的混合物，这种转化是通过烯二醇式中间体完成的。
糖苷中无半缩醛（酮）羟基，不能转变为开链结构，因而糖苷无还原性，也无变旋光作用。
只有一个手性碳原子构型不同的非对映异构体称为 异构体（epimer），如下图：
由天然蛋白质完全水解生成的氨基酸中只有20种与核酸中的遗传密码有对应关系，这20种氨基酸称为编码氨基酸。
在等电点（pi）时，氨基酸主要以电中性的两性离子存在，在电场中不向任何电极移动。
氨基酸的构型用r / s法标记，除半胱氨酸为r构型外，其余都为s构型。
蛋白质分子中氨基酸残基在肽链中的排列顺序称为蛋白质一级结构。
肽分子中的酰胺键(—co—nh—)常称做肽键(peptide bond)。试问三肽中含有 个肽键。（填数字）
腺嘌呤(a)与胸腺嘧啶(t)配对时，形成两个氢键；鸟嘌呤(g)与胞嘧啶(c)配对，可形成三个氢键。
构成蛋白质的编码氨基酸的构型均为何种构型？
苏氨酸理论上具有多少种立体异构体？
有两种蛋白质a和b，其相对分子质量相近，等电点分别为6.7和4.7，当两者在ph为7.5的缓冲溶液中电泳时，a和b的电泳情况是：
能使蛋白质沉淀的方法有：
dna和rna彻底水解后的产物之间关系正确的是：
蛋白质的二级结构是指构成蛋白质分子多肽链中某一段肽链的局部空间结构，主要包括α-螺旋、β-折叠、β-转角和无规卷曲，它们是依靠肽链间的氨基与羰基之间所形成的氢键而得到稳定的。
必需氨基酸是指在人体内不能合成而又是营养所必不可少的，必需经过食物摄取的氨基酸。20种编码氨基酸中有8种氨基酸为必需氨基酸。
蛋白质变性的本质是副键被破坏引起蛋白质天然构象的解体而导致生物功能丧失，并未涉及共价键的破裂。
所有20种编码氨基酸都具有旋光性。
大多数氨基酸的pi略小于7，一般在5.0～6.5之间，这些氨基酸在ph=7的水溶液中带 电荷。（填“正”或“负”）
大学物理是面向理工科大学生的一门重要的必修基础课，该课程讲授的物理学知识、思想和方法是构成学生科学素养的重要组成部分.
质点由一点运动到另外一点，则下列说确的是
以下关于加速度的说法中错误的是
质点沿半径为r的圆周作匀速率运动，每t秒转一圈。在2t时间间隔中，其平均速度大小与平均速率大小分别为
气球正在上升，气球下系有一重物，当气球上升到离地面100m高处，系绳突然断裂，重物下落，这重物下落到地面的运动与另一个物体从100m高处自由落到地面的运动相比，下列哪一个结论是正确的
某人骑自行车以速率v向正西方向行驶，遇到由北向南刮的风（设风速大小也是v），则他感到风是从
电子很小可以视为质点，而太阳很大不能视为质点.
质点做匀加速运动，其轨迹一定是直线.
物体具有恒定的速度，但仍有变化的速率是不可能的.
质点作匀速圆周运动时速度一定不变.
同一物体的运动，如果选取的参考系不同，对它的运动描述也不同.
在下列关于力与运动关系的叙述中，正确的是
质量为m的物体自空中落下，它除受重力外，还受到一个与速度平方成正比的阻力的作用，比例系数为k，k为正值常量．该下落物体的收尾速度(即最后物体作匀速运动时的速度)将是
体重、身高相同的甲乙两人，分别用双手握住跨过无摩擦轻滑轮的绳子各一端．他们从同一高度由初速为零向上爬，经过一定时间，甲相对绳子的速率是乙相对绳子速率的两倍，则到达顶点的情况是
功的概念有以下几种说法： 1）保守力作正功时，系统内相应的势能增加. 2）质点运动经一闭合路径，保守力对质点做的功为零. 3）作用力与反作用力大小相等，方向相反，所以两者所做功的代数和必为零. 上列说法中
在下列关于动量的表述中，不正确的是
物体只有作匀速直线运动和静止时才有惯性.
摩擦力总和物体运动的方向相反.
质量为m的质点以速度v沿一直线运动，则它对空间任一点的角动量都为零.
牛顿运动定律在任何参考系中都成立.
一个不受外力作用的系统，它的动量和机械能都守恒.
下面几种运动属于定轴转动的是
刚体绕定轴作匀变速转动时，刚体上距轴为r的任一点的
刚体角动量守恒的充分而必要的条件是
有两个力作用在一个有固定转轴的刚体上 (1) 这两个力都平行于轴作用时，它们对轴的合力矩一定是零； (2) 这两个力都垂直于轴作用时，它们对轴的合力矩可能是零； (3) 当这两个力的合力为零时，它们对轴的合力矩也一定是零； (4) 当这两个力对轴的合力矩为零时，它们的合力也一定是零． 在上述说法中
一个人站在有光滑固定转轴的转动平台上，双臂水平地拿着二哑铃．在该人把此二哑铃水平收缩到胸前的过程中，人、哑铃与转动平台组成的系统的
刚体的转动惯量只与转轴和刚体总质量有关.
一均匀细直棒，可绕通过其一端的光滑固定轴在竖直平面内转动．使棒从水平位置自由下摆，棒作匀角加速转动.
刚体定轴转动时所有质点的角速度和角加速度都相同．
刚体作定轴转动时，刚体角动量守恒的条件是刚体所受的合外力等于零．
一个质量为m的小虫，在有光滑竖直固定中心轴的水平圆盘边缘上，此时圆盘转动的角速度为ω.若小虫沿着半径向圆盘中心爬行，则圆盘的角速度变大．
有下列几种说法：（1）所有惯性系对物理基本规律都是等价的；（2）在真空中，光的速度与光的频率、光源的运动状态无关；（3）在任何惯性系中，光在真空中沿任何方向的传播速率都相同．其中说法是正确的是
在狭义相对论中，下列说法中正确的是：（1）一切运动物体相对于观察者的速度都不能大于真空中的光速；（2）质量、长度、时间的测量结果都是随物体与观察者的相对运动状态而改变的；（3）在一惯性系中发生于同一时刻，不同地点的两个事件在其他一切惯性系中也是同时发生的；（4）惯性系中的观察者观察一个与他作匀速相对运动的时钟时，会看到这时钟比与他相对静止的相同的时钟走得慢些.
宇宙飞船相对于地面以速度0.8c直线飞行，一光脉冲从船尾传到船头．飞船的静止长度是100m，则地球观察者测出光脉冲从船尾到船头两个事件的空间间隔为
在某地发生两件事，静止位于该地的甲测得时间间隔为4 s，若相对于甲作匀速直线运动的乙测得时间间隔为5 s，则乙相对于甲的运动速度是（c表示真空中光速）
粒子在加速器中被加速，当其质量为静止质量的3倍时，其动能为静止能量的
经典力学中的所有基本定律，如动量守恒定律，角动量守恒定律，机械能守恒定律都具有伽利略变换不变性．
狭义相对论的两条基本原理是狭义相对性原理和光速不变原理．
我们把与物体保持静止的参考系所测得的长度称为物体的固有长度.
光子的静止质量为零.
在某个惯性系中有两个同时同地发生的事件，在对该系有相对运动的其他惯性系中，这两个事件不一定是同时同地发生的．
一质量为m的物体挂在劲度系数为k的轻弹簧下面，振动角频率为f ，若把此弹簧分割成四等份，将物体m挂在分割后的一根弹簧上，则振动角频率是
一质点作简谐振动，周期为t. 质点由平衡位置向x轴正方向运动时，由平衡位置到二分之一最大位移这段路程所需要的时间为
一弹簧振子，当把它水平放置时，它可以作简谐振动,若把它竖直放置或放在固定的光滑斜面上，试判断下面哪种情况是正确的
一弹簧振子作简谐振动，总能量为e，如果简谐振动振幅增加为原来的两倍，重物的质量增为原来的四倍，则它的总能量变为
一弹簧振子作简谐振动，当位移为振幅的一半时，其动能为总能量的
质点作简谐振动时，从平衡位置运动到最远点需时1/4周期，因此走过该距离的一半需时1/8周期.
一个作简谐振动的物体，其位移与加速度的相位始终相差π.
一个作简谐振动的物体处于平衡位置处时具有最大的速度和最大的加速度.
简谐运动的动能和势能都随时间作周期性的变化，且变化频率与位移变化频率相同.
两个相同的弹簧挂着质量不同的物体，当它们以相同的振幅作简谐振动时，振动总能量相同.
在相同的时间内，某种波长的单色光在空气中和在玻璃中
用白光光源进行双缝实验，若用一个纯红色的滤光片遮盖一条缝，用一个纯蓝色的滤光片遮盖另一条缝，则
在双缝干涉实验中，两条缝的宽度原来是相等的，若其中一缝的宽度略变窄(缝中心位置不变)，则
在光栅衍射实验中，与缺级级数有关的量为
一束白光垂直照射在一光栅上，在形成的同一级光栅光谱中，偏离明纹最远的是
获得相干光源只能用波阵面分割和振幅分割这两种方法来实现.
发光的本质是原子、分子等从具有较高能级的激发态到较低能级的激发态跃迁过程中释放能量的一种形式.
光波的相干叠加服从波的叠加原理,不相干叠加不服从波的叠加原理.
光程是将光在不同介质中走过的实际路程折合成在真空中走过的路程.
双折射现象是光从光疏介质进入光密介质时发生的一种现象.
水蒸气分解成同温度的氢气和氧气，内能增加了
一瓶氦气和一瓶氮气密度相同，分子平均平动动能相同，而且它们都处于平衡状态，则它们
关于温度的意义，有下列几种说法： (1)气体的温度是分子平均平动动能的量度. (2)气体的温度是大量气体分子热运动的集体表现，具有统计意义. (3)温度的高低反映物质内部分子热运动剧烈程度的不同. (4)从微观上看，气体的温度表示每个气体分子的冷热程度. 这些说法中正确的是
下列各图所示的速率分布曲线，哪一图中的两条曲线能是同一温度下氮气和氦气的分子速率分布曲线
玻尔兹曼分布律表明：在某一温度的平衡态， (1)分布在某一区间(坐标区间和速度区间)的分子数，与该区间粒子的能量成正比. (2)在同样大小的各区间(坐标区间和速度区间)中，能量较大的分子数较少；能量较小的分子数较多． (3)在大小相等的各区间(坐标区间和速度区间)中比较，分子总是处于低能态的概率大些． (4)分布在某一坐标区间内、具有各种速度的分子总数只与坐标区间的间隔成正比，与粒子能量无关． 以上四种说法中
只有对大量分子的集体，温度的微观意义才成立.
物体的熔解、凝固、蒸发等现象都属于热现象.
一切互为热平衡的热力学系统不一定具有相同的温度.
表征系统热平衡的宏观性质的物理量为压强.
每个分子的质量、速度和能量属于微观量.
关于可逆过程和不可逆过程的判断： (1)可逆热力学过程一定是准静态过程. (2)准静态过程一定是可逆过程. (3)不可逆过程就是不能向相反方向进行的过程. (4)凡有摩擦的过程，一定是不可逆过程. 以上四种判断，其中正确的是
质量一定的理想气体，从相同状态出发，分别经历等温过程、等压过程和绝热过程，使其体积增加一倍，那么气体温度的改变(绝对值)在
两个相同的容器，容积固定不变，一个盛有氨气，另一个盛有氢气（看成刚性分子的理想气体），它们的压强和温度都相等，现将5j的热量传给氢气，使氢气温度升高，如果使氨气也升高同样的温度，则应向氨气传递的热量是
1mol的单原子分子理想气体从状态a变为状态b，如果不知是什么气体，变化过程也不知道，但a、b两态的压强、体积和温度都知道，则可求出
一定量的某种理想气体起始温度为t，体积为v，该气体在下面循环过程中经过三个平衡过程：(1)绝热膨胀到体积为2v，(2)等体变化使温度恢复为t，(3)等温压缩到原来体积v，则此整个循环过程中
用旋转的叶片使绝热容器中的水温上升(焦耳热功当量实验)，这一过程是可逆的.
不规则地搅拌盛于绝热容器中的液体，液体温度在升高，若将液体看作系统，则外界对系统作功，系统的内能增加.
热力学系统的状态发生变化时，其内能的改变量只决定于初末态的温度而与过程无关.
不作任何热交换也可以使系统温度发生变化.
对物体加热也可以不致升高物体的温度.
请阅读弗洛伊德的文章《<俄狄浦斯王>与<哈姆莱特>》，概述弗洛伊德对古希腊悲剧《俄狄浦斯王》的认识，并谈谈你的看法。
（1） 观看视频，阅读薄伽丘的小说《十日谈》，体会该小说的整体叙事框架所具有的叙事功能，进而谈谈你的感受。 该小说的叙事分为两层，第一层是“我”讲述了瘟疫流行之际，十个青年男女在别墅避难的故事。第二层是青年男女讲述的故事。问，作者为什么采用这种叙事结构？这样叙事有什么好处？
（2）阅读拉伯雷的《巨人传》，谈谈你对其中涉及的人文主义教师所采用的教育方法。
（1） 鲁迅说：喜剧是将无价值的东西撕开给人看；悲剧是将有价值的东西毁灭给人看。请你以堂吉诃德为例，来谈谈你对这两句的认识。 （2） 莎士比亚的戏剧作品有哪些？列举出名单，并写出每部剧中4个主要人物的名字。 （3） 写出《哈姆莱特》的故事梗概。
（1）莫里哀的戏剧作品有哪些？ （2）《伪君子》的叙事结构是什么？对你有哪些启发？
（1）什么叫书信体小说？简要回答书信体小说的发展历史及代表作家与作品。 （2）观看动画电影《鲁滨逊漂流记》，谈谈你对文学改编电影的看法。
阅读法国文学理论家罗兰·巴特的作品《恋人絮语》。这是一部对《少年维特的烦恼》进行文学批评所写就的理论著作，挑选其中一段你最有感触的评论，谈谈你的感受。
从文学观念的角度来看，古典时期的“模仿说”与浪漫主义时期的“表现说”分别各指的是什么？二者之间的关系是什么？
（1） 阅读海涅的代表作《论浪漫派》，谈谈海涅对浪漫派的基本观点。
什么叫“多余人”？以叶甫盖尼·奥涅金为例，分析“多余人”的性格特征，并分析“多余人”形成的社会历史原因。
分析《红与黑》中的于连的人物性格，及其形成的社会原因。
（1） 什么叫自然主义小说？自然主义小说与现实主义小说有哪些异同？
（2） 阅读梅里美的小说《卡门》，检索并回答根据该小说所改编的电影、歌剧、舞剧等其他艺术形式的作品有哪些？谈谈你对文学被改编的认识。
构成恒星的主要气体为氢、其次为氦，其他元素较少。
陨石分为石陨石、铁陨石和石铁陨石三类，大部分陨石在通过地球大气圈时都会发生燃烧。
对流层上部存在含臭氧的层，能吸收紫外线，因而是生物的保护伞。
上地幔上部的固态与地壳组成岩石圈，为刚性，有强度。
地球最主要的热源是( )。
quartz exhibits conchoidal fracture.
the hardness of mica is （ ）.
galena exhibits perfect cleavage.
olivine crystals normally form granular habit.
cleavage angle of pyroxenes is about 78°/93°.
风化作用包括哪些类型？
成岩作用包括以下哪些作用？
风化作用的影响因素有哪些？
下列哪些岩石属于陆源碎屑岩
下列哪些岩石属于化学沉积岩？
河流的侧蚀作用 ，可使河谷的横剖面逐渐发展成 "u" 形谷 。
河水中所搬运的物质，大部分是机械碎屑物 。
河流不仅有机械碎屑沉积 ，同时也有丰富的化学沉积。
当侵蚀基准面下降时，河流的下蚀作用随之而加强 。
平直河段的心滩是形成于( )。
随着时间的推移，海水盐度将会稳定的增加。
洋流对于浅海、半深海至深海的沉积作用均无影响。
潮坪既可以形成碎屑沉积，又可以形成碳酸盐沉积。
深水波为不对称波，浅水波为对称波。
后滨的界限位于（ ）和（ ）之间。
根据湖水含盐度可将湖泊分为
浙江千岛湖是（）
湖泊沉积物能很好反映它形成时的气候
沼泽全是由湖泊淤塞而成的
从湖岸到湖心，依次沉积有粘土、粉砂、砂、砾，沉积物形成同心环带状分布。
影响岩石孔隙度大小的因素是 （ ）
完整的花岗岩是
砂层是很好的隔水层
潜水面的高度随降水的变化而变化
岩溶地貌可出露在（ ）
低纬度气温高，不可能形成冰川。
以下属于冰水沉积地貌的有（ ）
冰川运动速度和地下水接近。
哪里气候最冷，哪里就有冰川形成。
以下说确的是
风棱石可以有凹凸不平的表面 ，且棱面总是面向风的。
新月型砂丘背风面与 迎风面呈 对称状态 ，且逆着风向迁移。
被风吹扬起的砂量是随着高度的增加而减少的 。
所有的黄土都具有极其明显的 层理构造。
风搬运作用的主要方式是( )。
粘性泥石流因含固体物质多、水量少、粘度大、所以 其侵蚀能力与搬运能力都较小。
崩落常发生在 山体边缘、坚硬岩石组成的悬崖峡谷地带 ，及河、湖、海岸的陡崖等地。
通常一个发育完全的滑坡是由滑坡体、滑动面、滑坡壁 、滑坡阶、滑坡鼓丘和滑坡裂隙等要素组成的。
潜移作用的发生除重力、物性等内在因素外，地下水起了润滑剂的作用，因而主要发育于温湿气候区和寒湿气候区。
大规模的河底滑坡常造成的地质现象是（ ）
角度不整合接触关系的特征是什么?
褶皱有哪些基本类型?
褶皱的要素有哪些?
识别断层的标志有哪些?
常见的断层组合类型包括哪些?
《海陆的起源》一书的作者是谁？
验证海底扩张说的论据是什么？
1968年前后，哪些地质学家提出了板块构造学说?
板块构造学说的基本思想是什么?
威尔逊旋回体现了板块构造的精髓，将大洋盆地的演化归纳为6个发展阶段，那么成年期演化阶段对应现代的地质事实是什么?
基性岩浆温度比酸性岩浆温度高。
火山啧出的气体大部分是水蒸气，大多数岩浆原生水的含量不超过 3%。
岩浆中二氧化硅的含量的多少对岩浆的粘性没有影响。
火山喷发的形式演化顺序是熔透式→裂隙式→ 中心式，现代火山多为中心式，而冰岛的火山是现代裂隙式火山的典型代表 。
下列哪种火成岩侵入体在自然界是不可能存在的? （ ）
变质作用的主要因素主要有？
变质作用的方式主要有哪些？
变质作用的基本类型包括以下哪些？
区域变质岩普遍具有矿物作定向性排列的片理构造，由低级到高级分别为板状、千枚状、片状、片麻状构造。
下列岩石中，都属于变质岩的一组是
不同时代的地层中含有不同门类的化石及化石组合。
第四纪是人类出现和发展的时代 。
因为古生物发展是由水生到陆生，所以当地层中含有陆生的生物化石，指示地层老；而地层中的古生物化石为水生的生物时，指示地层新。
当地质体发生穿插切割关系时，判断的基本原则是切割者新，被切割者老。
隐生宙包括的地质时代为元古代、太古代和冥古代，由老到新它们的时代排列顺序为（ ）。
火山活动产生的气体构成了地球的原始大气圈。
地质历史上由于不可知的灾难性事件，导致了一些生物灭绝，但随着地球环境条件的改变，这些灭绝的生物又重新发展起来。
古生代是爬行动物和裸子植物最繁盛的时代。
地球上最早出现的陆生植物是裸蕨植物。
己知最古老岩石的同位素年龄是( )。
1. chinese cuisine is known for its taste and philosophical and aesthetic qualities. it is closely tied to the development of the 5000-year-old chinese civilization.
2.among the most well-known local dishes are “hot and spicy hot pot” of shandong, “sea cucumber braised with scallion” of sichuan.
3.these used to be reserved for high-ranking bureaucrats and celebrities. but they were subsequently adopted by ordinary people.
4.there is a wide variety of ethnic food. these dishes are often cooked in such a way as to look and taste exactly like meat and fish.
5. the chinese believe that mixing tonics with food adds flavor to the food and is good for health.
1. there are no rules to follow when translating chinese food into english.
2. the traditional chinese food, which has chinese characteristics and is accepted by foreigners, is expressed in pinyin.
3. use pinyin when the dishes name can not reflect their main ingredients.
4. "founder main ingredients" is a commonly used principle in chinese dishes translating.
5. you needn't to consider chinese culture when translating chinese dishes.
1. the common people ate pork and mutton while the nobles enjoyed beef in the middle ages.
2. by eighteenth century, china had become a famous beef consuming country.
3.tenderloin is also called filet steak the most tender flesh on the back of a cow.
4. asians prefer to eat slightly bloody steak , while westerners prefer medium well.
5. before eating steak, you need to check whether the knife teeth clear.
1. originally，pizza is a kind of food for the rich, it has now become a dish for everyone.
2. barley was the most common ingredient used to prepare the form of the pizza.
3. later wheat flour substituted the other cereals, becoming the standard grain used.
5. many pizza parlors will even deliver their food right to your front door.
if your food is ______, this means it has been cooked too long but you can still eat it.
______is used in a lot of dishes. it is a vegetable like an onion.
at a ______dinner, you must not wear causal clothes like flip flops and jeans.
when you have food outside and sit on the ground and sandwiches, that is a_____.
the meat we get from pigs is called _______.
some restaurants only accept _______ as a form of payment so make sure that you have enough on you.
if you are satisfied with the service in a restaurant, you can give the waiter a big ______.
if you are not satisfied with the service in a restaurant, you could make a ______.
i am familiar _________ this book but that book is not familiar ________ me.
he told us the story _________.
chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the “eight cuisines”.
fried fish was first brought to england by an italian person.
some newer modifications to the recipe may have cornflour added.
british fish and chips are served in a wrapping of old newspapers now.
originally，pizza is a kind of food for the rich, it has now become a dish for everyone.
barley was the most common ingredient used to prepare the form of the pizza.
the common people ate pork and mutton while the nobles enjoyed beef in the middle ages.
by eighteenth century, china had become a famous beef consuming country.
before eating steak, you need to check whether the knife teeth clear.
there is another meaning of potluck, that is: eat whatever you have.
by eighteenth century, ___________ had become a famous beef consuming country.
the main way to cook steak is to _________ and barbecue.
the ancestor of pizza is the simple ________ .
many pizza _________ will even deliver their food right to your front door!
fish and chips is a _________ dish of english origin consisting of fried battered fish and hot chips.
the oking rate of boys is increasing rapidly with ________ .
chinese cuisine is known for its __________ and philosophical and aesthetic qualities.
jiangsu cuisine developed from the __________ recipes of yangzhou，suzhou and nanjing.
eating hot pot is not simply about dipping all ___________ of food into boiling liquid, it’s also an opportunity to have a great time with friends gathered around a simmering pot.
the traditional chinese food, which has chinese characteristics and is accepted by foreigners, is expressed in ____________ .
having a healthy body involves much more than just eating right.
aerobic exercise is a series of activities which can improve our heart-lung function by maintaining longer, including running, bicycling, swimming and so on.
increased muscle will increase your metaboli, and an increased metaboli means that you can burn more calories and lose more weight even when you are moving.
any exercise program needs a balance of both aerobic and resistance exercises.
if you get bored with your exercise routine, try something new for a while.
international marathon is a very popular short-distance running events.
the origin of the marathon begins in 490ad.
the world's top marathon tournament, including six marathons：the boston marathon, the london marathon, the berlin marathon, the chicago marathon, the new york marathon, the tokyo marathon.
the london marathon is the world's oldest marathon.
the chicago marathon was founded in 1970, is one of the world's most popular marathon, after the boston marathon.
ivermectin is highly effective against a range of parasites and has no side effects.
when used in combination therapy, artemisinin is estimated to reduce mortality from malaria by more than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children.
youyou tu discovered artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria.
we live in a biologically complex world, which is populated not only by humans and other large animals, but also by a plethora of other organis, all of which are harmful or deadly to us.
there are many people oking, although everyone knows oking is harmful to us.
many middle school students have been engaged in oking.
the youth think that oking is a art symbol.
the best way to keep healthy is giving up oke, for oker’s own good as well as for others.
the number of teenagers who try oking is not less than 90 million.
he said, "i _______a lot of new poems by the end of last year."
as edison grew ____, he became more and more interested in science.
only in this way _______catch up with your brothers.
no one, except his two best friends, _______where he is.
mr. john has decided that he will ______the branch company set up inthe all town.
the classroom needs______.
there is a nice-looking car there. i wonder ______.
wordsworth was one of the greatest poets____lived in the 19th century.
it is requested that every student ______a paper on sustainable development.
it was in the year of 2002___________they set up a branch company in china.
china has no solution to deal with a population that is urbanizing, aging and is afflicted with chronic diseases.
aerobic exercise is a series of activities which can improve our heart-lung function by maintaining longer, including running, bicycling, swimming and so on.
when used in combination therapy, artemisinin is estimated to reduce mortality from malaria by more than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children.
youyou tu discovered artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria.
any exercise program needs a balance of both aerobic and resistance exercises.
the origin of the marathon begins in 490ad.
malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by single-cell parasites, which invade red blood cells, causing fever, heart damage and death.
if you get bored with your exercise routine, try something new for a while.
the headquarter of the world health organization is in london, england.
there are many people oking, although everyone knows oking is harmful to us.
in particular, _________diseases affect the world's poorest populations and represent a huge barrier to improving human health and wellbeing.
major causes of death have shifted from infectious diseases and diet-related deficiencies to hypertension and_________.
in 1896 the first________ set up the marathon project.
aerobic exercise is a series of activities which can improve our ________by maintaining longer, including running, bicycling, swimming and so on.
any exercise program needs a balance of both aerobic and________ exercises.
one of the most critical issues is ________ care, said michael o'leary, the china representative of the world health organization.
smoking and ________ is risk factor that leads to various diseases. it has become world’s top 8 causes of death.
because of the long-term oking, people have a dependence on ________.
we can ventilate our negative feelings by doing________ so that we can strive for our dreams again.
after you going abroad, it is time to create a travel plan.
a visit to a local bank to get some financial information would be a must on the preparation list.
it is not necessary to find time to mix with the citizens of the foreign country.
it is very important to research the country that is being visited.
familiarity with the foreign currency and other financial issues will make it much easier to shift to the role of a foreign traveler.
a traveler can only book a hotel room by calling.
today, more and more people choose to travel abroad so as not to broaden their horizons.
in addition to calling the hotel phone, the more convenient way is to choose the hotel online.
generally speaking, the higher score of a hotel means that the comprehensive service is lower.
if you have special requirements, such as close to a scenic spot or a quiet place, you can also check the hotel map and comment area for details.
it is impolite to ask others directions in a foreign country.
block is a section between two intersections.
we can never make building or landmark as a direction reference.
"go around a corner" means to turn around in the next street and cross it.
'opposite','across', 'from' and facing all represent the same meaning - on the same street, but on the other side.
in markets in northeast asia [hong kong, taiwan, korea, and macau], travelers are younger and more independent.
indeed, the line between those who use traditional agents versus those who do it themselves are more blurred than they appear.
chinese tourists _________ $215bn outside mainland china in 2015.
block is a section ________ two intersections.
when you _______ the plane in hawaii, life begins to slow down.
if you don’t ________ driving, you don’t need to.
life is slow and _______ on the hawaiian islands.
if you have _________ requirements, you can also check the hotel map and comment area for details.
________ a vibrant metropolis, shanghai has many attractions.
a trip from shanghai to hangzhou only ________ about 50 minutes.
_______it is determined which foreign country is to be visited, it is time to create a travel plan.
familiarity with the foreign currency and other financial issues will make it much easier to shift to the role of a foreign traveler.
hundreds of structures have been built and are protected for their economic profit.
huangguoshu waterfall is china’s largest waterfall is located in guizhou province.
generally speaking, the higher score of a hotel means that the comprehensive service is lower.
if you have special requirements, such as close to a scenic spot or a quiet place, you can also check the hotel map and comment area for details.
when used in combination therapy, artemisinin is estimated to reduce mortality from malaria by more than 20% overall and by more than 30% in children.
'opposite','across', 'from' and facing all represent the same meaning - on the same street, but on the other side.
chinese consumers fueled a travel and touri boom in recent years, despite the country’s economic slowdown.
chinese outbound touri is growing slowly.
the surge in chinese outbound touri has windened the country’s trade deficit in the sector.
generally speaking, the _________ means that the comprehensive service is higher.
then select the room, you will see the ______and price of each room.
since then, hula becomes to the _______ dance in honor of god.
_________ lush mountains and exquisite waterways, zhejiang is rich in historical and cultural presence.
a visit to a local bank to obtain financial information _______some currency for the foreign country would be a must on the preparation list.
december 21, 2012 is the day the _________ of the end of the world.
___________ park is a national park located primarily in the u.s. state of wyoming.
__________ americans have lived in the yellowstone region for at least 11,000 years.
according to the _________, china’s touri exports - the revenues received from foreign visitors - were a fraction higher than this at ＄61bn.
_________ occur in the park each year; in the large forest fires of 1988, nearly one third of the park was burnt.
when you come to a strange place, how to ask directions in english? list as least two expressions.
translate the following from english into chinese. as a vibrant metropolis, shanghai has many attractions. the huangpu river is a classic spot to get a birds’eye view of the whole city. exotic architecture along the west bank differs in style and color, and modern skyscrapers on the east form a splendorous contrast. foodies can’t miss the gorgeous snack street town god’s temple (chenghuangmiao). xintiandi, a cultural and historical site, combines the traditional shanghai alley and western style architecture together.
most people admit that the life in campus is their best time.
in college, study is the only thing they plan to do, they don’t want to take part in activities and make friends.
some students get involve in a love relationship too much and can’t deal with it in a right way.
as been popular in young people’s daily life, the social network service have influenced not only the ways we are socializing but also the culture and the tradition of the country.
take the spring festival as an example, traditionally, in the evening of the chinese new year eve, the whole family usually would have a reunion meal.
during tv time people can put down their cell phone and talk with others sitting around.
the old lady is_____ tired________ she can’t walk on.
many companies provide their employees ______free lunch during the weekdays.
i didn't go to the cinema the day before yesterday, but i do wish i _____ there.
it suddenly occurred to me that we could __________________the police for help.
tom _______here since he _______the school.
"i'm taking my driving test tomorrow." "_________!"
if you need more information, please contact us ________ telephone or email.
no one likes_________.
the question is___________.
great changes ________place in my hometown since 1988.
different people came to the us from different nations and places at different times.
social phobia is a strong fear of being judged by others and of being embarrassed.
during tv time people can put down their cell phone and talk with others sitting around.
there are two kinds of writing styles, in a.e., that’s oct. 24, 2016 and in b.e., that’s 24 oct. ,2016.
traditionally, in the evening of the chinese new year eve, the whole family usually would have a reunion meal.
westerners seem to be less romantic when it comes to choosing gifts and presents.
anti-anxiety medications are powerful and there are not different types.
people with social phobia are afraid of doing common things in front of other people.
social gatherings are quite formal in the us. parties are opportunities for people to gather, converse, and relax.
a house-warming party is a party given to celebrate moving into a new house.
the united states is a land of_________ .
on the fourth thursday of november, _________day in america is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals.
here are two invitations. the first one is an invitation card. it’s a _________invitation.
in the end, don’t forget to add a _________close, such as yours sincerely and write down your name linda.
everyone has felt _________ or embarrassed at one time or another. for example, meeting new people or giving a public speech can make anyone nervous.
doctors also may prescribe _________to help treat social phobia.
as been popular in young people’s daily life, the social network service have _________ not only the ways we are socializing but also the culture and the tradition of the country.
it is not say that the social network service is all bad, but somehow, i prefer to ________ face to face with someone i really care.
different cultures have different ________ of gift giving.
gift giving is ________in both chinese and western cultures, but it seems to be more popular in the west.
online learning, a fresh new idea, has begun to be accepted by the public in uk.
online learners might work at different times, and also they can choose the place for study.
education experts say the mixed results suggest the need for more research to find the best ways to teach in virtual schools.
khan has been the only one teacher for a couple of years since 2004, and now there are 32 teachers and a huge contingent of volunteers.
khan was a pioneer. with the help of technical, he help the public to acquire knowledge and understand his position, which led to a revolution!
turning off gps means no one can track me.
strong passwords are good, but security experts also recommend using two-factor authentication for account security.
a vast majority of people can correctly identify a strong password, which includes one with random letters, numbers, and symbols.
in learning english we should not __________ our students of their mistakes all the time.
these three teachers vary __________ their manner of teaching.
who can it be? i'm quite __________ a loss to guess.
the monitor __________ the examination papers to the class for his teacher.
have you any __________ that you were not there at 9 o'clock last night?
the children looked up as the planes passed __________.
charles dickens _________ many wonderful characters in his novels.
many young people find it harder to appreciate __________ music than pop music.
if the wounded soldier had been given first __________, he would not have died.
since he left the university, he __________ in an accounting company.
the younger generation who born with the explosion of technology is facing a safe time.
we should improve our quality, take care of public facilities, and enjoy the benefits of shared economy.
strong passwords are good, but security experts also recommend using two-factor authentication for account security.
the company is also rolling out special snacks to meet people's growing appetite late at night.
the young generations will consider it as the singles’ day as well as the on-line shopping carnival.
khan has been the only one teacher for a couple of years since 2004, and now there are 32 teachers and a huge contingent of volunteers.
education experts say the mixed results suggest the need for more research to find the best ways to teach in virtual schools.
online learners might work at different times, and also they can choose the place for study.
_________ is a new thing, and its appearance has brought convenience to our life.
connecting with _________, people post everything about themselves on their personal platform, the personal information is unlocked, and so everybody can see it.
on the other hand, compared to the network ordering time and convenience, the public is most concerned about _________of food.
the company is also rolling out _________ to meet people's growing appetite late at night.
the young generations will consider november 11 as the singles’ day as well as the _________.
the advertisements on the online shops may make you spend _________on online shopping without being conscious.
generally speaking, online learning means learning some _________ online.
the rise of third-party _________ in china at the expense of credit and debit cards is threatening commercial banks’ access to the customer data.
what do you have ____________ supper?
she isn' t good ___________ maths. could you help her __________ her maths?
we should learn ____________ each other.
are you ____________ music?
when ____________ mary ____________ to school?
what do you often do ____________ sunday morning?
there ____________ a lot of food at home.
do you have ____________ to buy a computer?
what about ____________ computer games.
excuse me, we can't ____________ our tickets.
___________________ are young pioneers.
the birds are singing ____________ the tree.
we are doing ____________.
some girls are on the hill. where are ____________?
what are they doing? they ____________.
how do you_____this book?
who teaches_____english this team?
she doesn’t like milk but likes orange______.
there are _____pens_____pencils in the box.
he is_____american.i’m_____english.
british fish and chips are served in a wrapping of old newspapers now.
originally，pizza is a kind of food for the rich, it has now become a dish for everyone.
barley was the most common ingredient used to prepare the form of the pizza.
youyou tu discovered artemisinin, a drug that has significantly reduced the mortality rates for patients suffering from malaria.
any exercise program needs a balance of both aerobic and resistance exercises.
the origin of the marathon begins in 490ad.
the younger generation who born with the explosion of technology is facing a safe time.
we should improve our quality, take care of public facilities, and enjoy the benefits of shared economy.
online learners might work at different times, and also they can choose the place for study.
different people came to the us from different nations and places at different times.
during tv time people can put down their cell phone and talk with others sitting around.
westerners seem to be less romantic when it comes to choosing gifts and presents.
a house-warming party is a party given to celebrate moving into a new house.
generally speaking, the higher score of a hotel means that the comprehensive service is lower.
chinese outbound touri is growing slowly.
there are many people oking, although everyone knows oking is harmful to us.
sports shoes are more appropriate than leather shoes in workplace.
the key is to find what works for you and then plan your time accordingly.
as the business owner, you're also chief salesperson for your company.
before eating steak, you need to check whether the knife teeth clear.
the traditional chinese food, which has chinese characteristics and is accepted by foreigners, is expressed in ____________ .
in 1896 the first________ set up the marathon project.
any exercise program needs a balance of both aerobic and________ exercises.
the main way to cook steak is to _________ and barbecue.
then select the room, you will see the ______and price of each room.
on the fourth thursday of november, _________day in america is a time to offer thanks, of family gatherings and holiday meals.
_________ is a new thing, and its appearance has brought convenience to our life.
generally speaking, online learning means learning some _________ online.
men are most likely to make mistakes in selecting .
resume is an that you will use to sell yourself to a prospective employer.
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part 1 newspapers and magazines 1. which magazines and newspapers do you read? [why?] 2. what kinds of article are you most interested in? [why?] 3. have you ever read a newspaper or magazine in a foreign language? [when/why?] 4. do you think reading a newspaper or magazine in a foreign language is a good way to learn the language? [why/why not?]
part 2 you will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes. you have one minute to think about what you are going to say. you can make some notes to help you if you wish. describe a restaurant that you enjoyed going to. you should say: where the restaurant was why you chose this restaurant what type of food you ate in this restaurant and explain why you enjoyed eating in this restaurant.
part 3 1. why do you think people go to restaurants when they want to celebrate something? 2. which are more popular in your country: fast food restaurants or traditional restaurants? 3. why do you think that is? 4. how important is it for a country to be able to grow all the food it needs, without importing any from other countries?
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